准噶尔盆地亚区位于阿尔泰山与天山之间，略呈三角形，东北及西北以中苏、来自中蒙国界为限，北接阿尔泰山山360百科地草原针叶林区，东南与阿拉善高原温带荒漠区为邻.具温带荒漠区特色，盆地西部有两个较低的山口(额尔齐斯河谷及阿拉山口)为半封闭大型山间盆地.由于攻最多货细来价北冰洋气团及西风急流可从山口直接吹入，故降水量稍丰，约10-300毫米.冬季降雪较多可形成稳定雪盖.四周山高，盆地内海拔低，冬季寒冷，夏气温较高(玛纳斯河一带可种棉)。地质上准噶尔盆地是褶皱系.盆地中的古生代地层为巨厚的中、新生代沉积物所覆盖.中生代地层是砂岩为主的陆相沉积，向南逐渐增厚饭望，北部厚约700米，南部增至三四千米，最厚达1万米.新生代地层也向南增厚，北部不到450米，南部拗陷中心厚达500米.新构造运动明显，南部下降，但因天山强烈上升，山前产生强烈褶皱，形成年轻的构造隆星起;北部上升，额尔齐斯河谷是主客真断陷谷地，布伦托海是断陷湖盆.地势较低，内部高差较大.地势由东北向西南倾斜，额尔齐斯河和乌伦古河中游海拔70-100米，布伦托海(福海父附倍设采者)湖面海拔468米，中部偏西的玛纳斯湖257米，西南部的艾比湖189米，是本区的最低点.以北塔山为界，温带荒漠可分为准噶尔盆地和诺明戈壁两个亚区，此外，准噶尔洋轮于末旧区西部山地西北的额敏谷地，水分条件较好，气候-生物条件属于温带荒漠草原地带亦作为本区的一个亚区。

• 中文名称 准噶尔盆地亚区
• 位置 准噶尔盆地
• 总面积 96万平方公里
• 平原区 2个

　　仅限于准噶尔盆地.土地面积约18万平方公里，其中戈壁约72万平方公里，沙漠约6万平方公里.B分为两个平原区:(1)北部平原，北起阿尔泰山南麓，南至古尔班通古特沙漠北缘，特点是新巴催纹生代地层薄，戈壁绍广布，风蚀作用显著，形成大片风蚀洼地;(2)南部平院企乐几原南起天山检阳玉浓开坏止北麓，北至古尔班通古特沙漠来自北缘，实际上还可分为两个带，北带主要是沙漠，南带主要是戈壁，两者之间则为土质平地和绿洲.位于盆地中心的古尔班通古特沙漠是中国第询元抹二大沙漠，固谓定、半固定沙丘占绝对优势，还构苗歌政名色便突度袁流沙仅占3%左右，植被以超旱生的半灌木和小半灌木为主，梭梭、白梭梭等超旱生无叶小乔木也占有显著地位.植被覆盖度在固定沙丘为40-50%，半固定沙丘约20%.丘间低地的牧草生长良好，但由于夏季缺饮用水，主要作为冬牧场.气候主要受温带天气系统和北冰洋冷空气的影响.日照时数北部约300小时，南部约280-2850小时，作物生长(4-9月)360百科的日照时数，北部约1900小时，南部约1800小时.冬季时，常为冷高压所盘踞，是中国寒潮的主要通道之一.1月平均气温北部低于-17℃，南部为革激居宜确跟粒-10℃，但夏季专配可镇曲员卷仍运气温高于同纬度许多地方，7月平均气温为20°-25℃，地势低洼部位达概陆呢吸革松和难红28℃.≥10℃期间活动积温南部和盆地中心为350°-390℃，北部为250°-290℃.无霜期除极北部为10-135天外，一般在160天左右，乌苏至克论由活业拉玛依达180天.案格啊江育呼年均日较差12°-14℃，最大日较差25℃，是新疆瓜果含糖量高、品质优良的重要原因之一.主要气象灾害是冻害与大风.每年≥8级的大风日数，北部平均33-77天，南部年裂解怀满准25天，西部风口区70天以上，阿拉山口则达16领刘所始预自5天.由于降水量较多，植被覆盖度较颈再末太市批操故厚大，沙漠已绝大部分固定或半固定，所付故以沙丘移动现象较少见.降水量西部多木龙于东部，边缘多于中心，高处多于低处，迎风坡多于背风坡.冬季有稳定积雪，冬春两委降水量合计占全年30-45%.盆地北部稳定积雪期115-130天，厚25-30厘米;南并白情子际不者敌普秋部积雪期110-130天，厚度冲总问没煤绝不到10厘米.除额尔齐斯河外，均为内流河，盆地内部仅春季融雪期能形成少量学林结殖表检径流.按出山口的流量计算，盆地的河流年径流总量共200亿立方米，其中约有观集批甲一半由额尔齐斯河流出国境.额尔齐斯河的支流都源自阿尔泰山南坡，成梳状指该刘成几立波团状排列.主要支流有哈巴河、布尔津河、克兰河等，能汇集的年径流量108亿立方米(其中布尔津河46亿立方米，哈巴河24亿立方米)，现在流出国境的约100亿立方米，通过北水南调工程，估计可以南调50-60亿立方米.在自然状态下，准噶尔盆地的内陆河分为4个排水区:(1)布伦托海水系;汇乌伦古河水量，出山口平均年径流量113亿立方米，最近10年入湖水量最多年为6亿立方米，最B少年仅015亿立方米;1970年后从额尔齐期河引进部分水B量，缓和了布伦托海的水位下降.(2)艾比湖水系:汇乌苏、清河两县天山北坡河流及博尔塔拉谷地河流，总径流量约26亿立方米，近年湖水逐渐干涸.(3)玛纳斯湖水系:汇沙湾、玛纳斯两县天山北坡河流，在自然状态下也能接纳准噶尔西部山地东坡河流，总径流量26亿立方米，玛纳斯河约占一半.准噶尔西部山地东坡10几条小河早已不能入湖，湖已渐干涸.(4)天山北坡独立水系:呼图壁至木垒间的河流，年径流量共254亿立方米.各河均消失于灌区中.最大为呼图壁B河，年径流量为5亿立方米，曾流入玛纳斯湖.地下水主要来自河流出山口后河床，渠道及田间渗漏，年补给量约20亿立方米(流出国境的不计在内);另外，来自降水及春季融雪补给的约5亿立方米.盆地北部广泛分整乘签殃布的土壤是棕钙土(旱成土)，约占总面积90%.南部主要是荒漠土，也是主要耕作土壤，大多分布在海拔350-500米的平原上，引水灌溉比较方便，缺点是肥力不高，并存在盐渍化特征.在冲积扇缘部位，主要是草甸沼泽土和草甸盐土;由此至沙漠之间，则以盐化和碱化的荒漠土为主，农业利挨兵趋用价值不高.根据过去调查资料，盆地内可供开垦的宜农荒地约610万亩.玛纳斯河流域自古是牧场，1762年(清乾隆27年)开始少量屯垦，解放前夕，居民不过5万，耕地不过50万亩，垦殖率不到3%，1950年组建生产建设兵团屯垦戍边.到1977年，石河子垦区总面积24万平方公里，包括沙湾、玛B纳斯、石河子三个县(市)，24个国营农场，3个林场和21个人民公社，居民增多到80多万，耕地扩大到456万亩，是重要粮食产地，也是纬度最北的棉区和甜菜产地之一，尚有宜农荒地200多万亩，可开发利用.Is limited to the Junggar Basin. Land area of about 18 million square kilometers, of which about 72 Gobi million square kilometers, the desert is about 60,000 square kilometers. B is divided into two plain areas: (1) north plains, north from the southern foot of Altai, south gurban tungge tesha Mobei edge is characterized by Cenozoic thin, Gobi widely distributed, wind erosion significantly, the formation of large wind depressions; (2) from the southern plains of southern northern foot of Tianshan Mountains to the north gurban Tongut Desert the northernmargin, in fact can also be divided into two belt, northern zone is mainly desert, south zone is mainly desert, between the plains and oasis compared to thesoil. in the basin center gurban Tongut Desert isChina's first two large desert,fixed, semi-fixed sand dunes dominant, quicksand only 3% of the vegetation in the semi-super-xerophytic shrubs and small semi-shrubs mainly Haloxylon, Haloxylon persicum and other super-xerophytic tree also has a non-Ye prominence. vegetation coverage of 40-50% in the fixed dunes, semi-fixed sand dunes about 20%.IColowland grass grew well, but because of lack of drinking water in summer, mainly as winter pasture. temperate climate mainly affected by weather systems and the Arctic Ocean the impact of cold air. sunshine time is about 300 hours north of the south at about 280-2850 hours, crop growth (April-September) of sunshine hours in the north at about 1900 hours, the Southern is about 1800 hours. winter, often as a cold high-pressure The entrenched, is one of the main cold .1 less than the monthly average temperature in northern -17 ℃, the southern -10 ℃, but the summer temperatures higher than in many parts of the same latitude, inJulythe average temperature of 20 ° -25 ℃, low-lying parts of up to 28 ℃. ≥ 10 ℃ accumulated temperature during the activities of the Center for South and basin 350 ° -390 ℃, the north 250 ° -290 ℃. frost-free period of 10-135 days, except the north pole, it is generally 160 days, Usu to Karamay up to 180 days. annual average diurnal 12 ° -14 ℃, the largest diurnal 25 ℃, high-sugar content fruits in Xinjiang, one of the important reasons of good quality. the main meteorological disaster is frost and wind. annual ≥ 8-level strong wind days in the north an average of 33-77 days, 25 days in southern and western outlet area for more than 70 days, Alashankou is up to 165 days. because of more precipitation, vegetation coverage, a larger majority of the desert has been fixed or semi-fixed, so the rare phenomenon of sand dune movement. precipitation in the west than the east, the edge than center, height is more than the lower, windward slope than the leeward slope. a steady snow in winter, winter and spring precipitation in two committees together, accounted for 30-45%. Basin, north of the stability period of 115-130 days of snow,thick25-30 cm; the south the snow 110-130 days, the thickness of less than 10 cm. In addition to the Irtysh, the are flow river, the basin is only a view to the formation of a small amount of spring snowmelt runoff. by a pass of the volume, the river basin, the total annual runoff of 200 billion cubic meters, of which about half of the outflow from the Irtysh territory. Elgin Cis River tributaries from the southern slope of Altai, into a comb-like arrangement. major tributaries are Habahe, Burqin River, Crane River, can bring together the annual runoff of 10.8 billion cubic meters (of which 4.6 billion cubic meters Burqin River m, Habahe 2.4 billion cubic meters), now out of the border about 100 billion cubic meters of water through the North-South transfer projects with an estimated 50-60 billion cubic meters can be transfer to the south. in a natural state, the Junggar Basin, inland river sub - 4 Drainage District: (1) Buluntuohai water; Health ulungur water, out of Yamaguchi average annual runoff of 11.3 billion cubic meters, the last 10 years into the lake for many years for the most amount of 600 million cubic meters, most juveniles is only B 01.5 billion cubic meters; in 1970 from Elgin Qi period after the introduction of part of the river water, B the amount of water level decline eased Buluntuohai. (2) Ebinur water: Department of Usu,Qinghe River and the northern slope of Tianshan Counties Bortala river valley, with a total runoff about 26 billion cubic meters, the lake gradually dried up in recent years. (3)Manas Lake Department: Department of Sandy Bay, the northern slope of Tianshan counties Manas river, in a natural state can also be to accept the western Junggar mountains Dongpo rivers, the total runoff of 2.6 billion cubic meters, accounting for about half of the Manas River. Junggar east slope of 10 a few western mountain stream into the lake has long been prohibited, lake gradually dried up. (4) northern slope of Tianshan Independent River: The river between Hutubi to Mori, the annual runoff of 254 billion cubic meters. the river have disappeared in the irrigation area. maximum Hutubi B River, the annual runoff of 500 million cubic meters, he flows Mana l.. groundwater mainly from the river bed after a pass, channel and field leakage, the annual supply of about 2 billion cubic meters (excluding out of territory); In addition, supply from rainfall and snowmelt in the spring of about 500 million cubic meters m. widely distributed in the northern basin, the soil is brown calcium soil (dry soil formation), accounting for 90% of the total area. the South is mainly desert territory, is also the major farming soil, most of 350-500 meters above sea level located in the plains, the water diversion for irrigation more convenient drawback is that fertility is not high, and there is a salinity characteristics. in the alluvial fan edge parts, mainly meadow marsh soil and meadow saline soil; this to the desert between, places the desert soil salinization and alkalization the main agricultural use value is not high. based on past survey data, the basin can be reclaimed about 610 million mu of wasteland suitable for agriculture. Manas River Valley are ancient pastures, 1762 (27 years of the QingEmperorQianlong) started a small settlement in the liberation of on the eve of the residents, but 50000, however, 50 million mu of cultivated land, and planting rate of less than 3% in 1950 toform aproduction and construction corps Zhunkenshubian. By 1977, Shihezi Reclamation total area of 24 square kilometers, including Sandy Bay, Ma BNas, Shihezi three counties (cities), 24 state farms, 3 forest and 21 communes, residents increased to 80 million, expanded to 456 million mu of cultivated land is an important grain producing area, is also the most northern latitude of cotton andOneof beetorigin, there are more than 200 million mu of wasteland suitable for agriculture can be developed and utilized.